"Incandescence" is a science fiction novel by the author Greg Egan, published in 2008. The story is set in a far-future universe and follows two main narratives: one located on a distant planet called the "Blues" and another that takes place in the "Earlies," a region of space where unique discoveries about consciousness and existence are explored.
"Measuring the World" is a historical novel written by the German author Daniel Kehlmann, first published in 2005. The book tells the story of two prominent figures from the Age of Enlightenment: the Prussian mathematician and geodesist Carl Friedrich Gauss and the naturalist Alexander von Humboldt. The narrative intertwines their lives and work in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, focusing on their respective quests to measure and understand the world around them.
Schild's Ladder is a conceptual framework used in the field of physics, particularly in the context of quantum field theory and the study of particle interactions. It is named after the physicist J. Schild, who proposed this model. The key idea behind Schild's Ladder is to provide a systematic method for constructing effective field theories.
"Sphereland" is a novel written by mathematician Dionysius Lardner, published in 1885, and is a sequel to Edwin A. Abbott's earlier work, "Flatland." While "Flatland" explores a two-dimensional world inhabited by geometric figures, "Sphereland" expands on the concept by introducing a three-dimensional universe.
"The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time" is a novel written by British author Mark Haddon, published in 2003. The story is narrated by Christopher Boone, a 15-year-old boy who describes himself as "a mathematician with some behavioral difficulties," which suggests that he is on the autism spectrum. The plot begins when Christopher discovers the dead body of his neighbor's dog, Wellington, and sets out to solve the mystery of its death.
The Last Theorem, often referred to in the context of Fermat's Last Theorem, is a famous statement in number theory proposed by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in 1637. The theorem asserts that there are no three positive integers \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) that can satisfy the equation: \[ a^n + b^n = c^n \] for any integer value of \(n\) greater than 2.
Liu Yunbin could refer to a number of things, including individuals or cultural references, but it is not a widely recognized term or name in popular culture or notable events up to my last knowledge update in October 2023.
Ultrasonic vocalization refers to sounds produced by animals that are at frequencies higher than the upper limit of human hearing, typically above 20 kHz. Many animals, including certain mammals and some species of birds, use these high-frequency sounds for communication, navigation, and other purposes. In particular, ultrasonic vocalizations are well-studied in rodents, such as rats and mice, where they are often associated with social interactions, mating behaviors, and even distress signals.
"The Wild Numbers" is a novel by the author Barry W. O'Connell, published in 2009. The book blends themes of mathematics, philosophy, and the human experience, exploring the relationship between mathematical concepts and the complexities of life. Through its narrative, it may delve into ideas about patterns, numbers, and their significance in understanding the world around us.
NP-complete problems are a class of problems in computational complexity theory that are particularly important because they are both in NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) and as hard as any problem in NP. If any NP-complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, then every problem in NP can also be solved in polynomial time.
Masyu is a type of logic puzzle that typically appears on puzzle websites and in puzzle books. The objective of Masyu is to draw a single loop through a grid, following certain rules indicated by special circles within the grid. Here are the basic rules of Masyu: 1. **Loop Structure**: The loop must be a continuous, non-intersecting path that forms a closed loop.
As of my last update in October 2023, "Quadrel" could refer to various contexts, including companies, products, or concepts, depending on the industry or focus area. However, without specific context, it's hard to pinpoint exactly what you're referring to. If "Quadrel" refers to a company, product name, or technology, it would be helpful to provide additional details or context for a more precise answer.
SameGame is a puzzle video game designed by the computer scientist David S. Wilcox in 1991. The objective of the game is to clear the board of colored blocks by removing groups of two or more adjacent blocks of the same color. When a group is removed, the remaining blocks drop down to fill the gaps, which can potentially create new groups that can also be removed.
Slitherlink is a logic-based puzzle that consists of a grid of dots. The objective of the puzzle is to create a single, continuous loop that connects the dots and satisfies certain numerical clues given within the grid. The loop can only go horizontally or vertically between dots and must not cross itself or branch off. Here are some key elements of Slitherlink: 1. **Grid Structure**: The puzzle is typically laid out on a rectangular or square grid defined by dots.
Tetris is a classic video game that was created in 1984 by Russian computer scientist Alexey Pajitnov. The game is a puzzle-based arcade game where players manipulate falling blocks called "tetrominoes," which are geometric shapes composed of four squares each. The objective is to rotate and move these tetrominoes as they fall from the top of the screen, fitting them together to create complete horizontal lines at the bottom of the play area.
The Traveling Purchaser Problem (TPP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that is a variant of the well-known Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). In the TPP, the objective is to identify the most efficient route for a purchaser who needs to buy a set of items from different locations while minimizing the total cost. This cost includes not only the travel costs between locations but also the prices of the items being purchased.
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that aims to determine the most efficient routes for a fleet of vehicles to deliver goods to a set of customers. It is a fundamental problem in logistics and transportation and has applications in various industries, including delivery services, food distribution, and waste collection. The primary objective of the VRP is to minimize certain costs, such as total distance traveled, time taken, or operational expenses while ensuring that all customer demands are met.
MAX-3LIN-EQN is a computational problem that falls within the realm of optimization and computational complexity theory. It is a specific case of the broader MAX-CSP (Maximum Constraint Satisfaction Problem) problems. In MAX-3LIN-EQN, the goal is to find an assignment of values (often binary, i.e., 0 or 1) to a set of variables such that the number of satisfied equations is maximized. Each equation is linear and involves three variables.
MAXEkSAT (Maximum Excluded K-Satisfiability) is a variant of the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) in which the goal is to identify the maximum number of clauses that can be made true by assigning truth values to a set of boolean variables, while ignoring a specified number of clauses. This is typically formulated as a decision problem or an optimization problem, where the objective is to maximize the number of satisfied clauses subject to some constraints.
Underwater diving explorers are individuals or groups who engage in the exploration of underwater environments, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water. This exploration can involve a variety of activities, including scientific research, archaeological investigations, marine conservation, and recreational diving. These explorers may use various diving techniques and equipment, such as scuba gear, rebreathers, or submersibles, to conduct their activities.