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Social intuitionism is a psychological and philosophical theory concerning moral judgments and ethical decision-making. It posits that moral reasoning is primarily intuitive—rooted in automatic, emotional responses—rather than a result of deliberate, rational thought. This concept was notably developed by psychologist Jonathan Haidt. Key aspects of social intuitionism include: 1. **Intuition over Reason**: The theory suggests that people often arrive at moral judgments through quick, instinctive reactions.

Social preferences refer to the idea that individuals' choices and behaviors are influenced not just by their own material payoffs but also by considerations related to the welfare of others. This concept is important in various fields including economics, psychology, and behavioral science. Key aspects of social preferences include: 1. **Altruism**: Individuals may derive utility from helping others or contributing to their well-being, even at a cost to themselves.

System justification refers to a psychological and social theory that explains how individuals and groups rationalize and defend the status quo, even when it may be disadvantageous to them. This concept suggests that people have a tendency to support and legitimize the existing social, economic, and political systems, often to maintain a sense of order, stability, and predictability in their lives.

"Taboo" refers to a social or cultural prohibition against certain behaviors, practices, or discussions considered unacceptable or forbidden within a particular society or group. The concept of taboos can apply to a wide range of areas, including religion, sexuality, morality, food, and other aspects of life. Taboos often arise from deeply held cultural beliefs and values and can evoke strong reactions when violated.

Triune ethics theory is a moral framework developed by Dr. Pamela Sue Anderson that proposes an integrative approach to ethics, emphasizing the interconnectedness of three dimensions of human experience: the individual, the community, and the environment. Often summarized as "the threefold," the theory aims to address moral concerns in a more holistic manner than traditional ethical frameworks.

The Trolley Problem is a philosophical thought experiment that illustrates a moral dilemma involving ethics, decision-making, and consequences. The classic version presents a scenario in which a person must choose between two tragic outcomes: 1. A trolley is headed down a track and will run over five people who are tied to the track and unable to move. 2. You have the option to pull a lever to divert the trolley onto another track, where it will instead kill one person who is also tied to that track.

In social science, trust is a multifaceted concept that refers to the belief or expectation that individuals, groups, or institutions will act in ways that are beneficial or at least not harmful to others. Trust can be understood on various levels, including: 1. **Interpersonal Trust**: This is the trust between individuals, which can involve personal relationships like friendships, family, or professional connections. It often relies on past interactions and experiences.

The value-action gap refers to the discrepancy between what individuals value or believe and how they actually behave. This concept is particularly relevant in fields such as environmental psychology, consumer behavior, and social psychology. Despite individuals expressing positive values or intentions (e.g., valuing sustainability, health, or social responsibility), their actions may not align with those values (e.g., using single-use plastics, consuming unhealthy foods, or engaging in environmentally harmful practices).

In the context of ethics and social sciences, "value" refers to the principles, beliefs, and standards that individuals and societies hold as important. Values guide behavior, inform decision-making, and shape norms within a group or culture. They can influence various aspects of life, including moral judgments, social policies, and interpersonal relationships. ### Key Aspects of Values in Ethics and Social Sciences: 1. **Intrinsic vs.

The Values in Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) is a psychometric tool designed to assess an individual’s character strengths. It was developed by psychologists Martin Seligman and Christopher Peterson as part of the Positive Psychology movement, which focuses on what makes life worth living and how individuals can flourish.

Veneer theory is a concept in social and moral philosophy that suggests human beings are, at their core, driven by self-interest and basic biological impulses, and that civilization, morality, and social norms are merely superficial layers or "veneers" that cover these innate tendencies. According to this theory, the behaviors and values that we associate with civilization—like altruism, cooperation, and ethical behavior—are not inherent but rather products of societal constructs that mask our underlying nature.

Vergüenza, or "shame," is a complex social and psychological concept that involves feelings of humiliation or distress caused by the perception of having violated social norms or expectations. It is often tied to one's self-image and how individuals believe they are viewed by others within a society. In social contexts, vergüenza can manifest in various ways, such as feeling embarrassed about one's actions, choices, or circumstances that may not align with cultural norms or values.

Victim blaming is the phenomenon where the victim of a crime, mistake, or any wrongdoing is held wholly or partially responsible for the harm that befell them. This can occur in various contexts, but it is most commonly discussed in relation to crimes such as sexual assault, domestic violence, and harassment.

Virtue signaling refers to the act of expressing opinions or sentiments to demonstrate one’s good character or the moral correctness of a position, often with the intent to gain social approval or enhance one's public image. It typically involves showcasing beliefs or actions that are perceived as socially desirable, such as advocating for social justice, environmentalism, or other progressive causes, without a genuine commitment to the underlying issues.

Warm-glow giving is a concept in economics and psychology that refers to the intrinsic satisfaction or emotional pleasure that individuals derive from the act of giving to others. This concept suggests that people gain a sense of well-being or happiness when they make charitable donations or help others, beyond any external rewards or recognition they may receive.