A fixed-target experiment is a type of particle physics experiment in which a beam of particles (such as protons, electrons, or other subatomic particles) is directed at a stationary target. The target can be a solid, liquid, or even gas composed of various materials like hydrogen, carbon, or heavy elements.
The GBAR experiment, which stands for "Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest," is an experiment designed to investigate the behavior of antimatter, specifically antihydrogen, in the presence of gravity. It aims to test fundamental symmetries in physics, including the equivalence principle, which states that gravitational mass and inertial mass are equivalent for all forms of matter and antimatter.
GRADE, which stands for "GRadient and Diffraction Energy," is a research program associated with CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research). Launched as part of CERN's commitment to advancing particle physics and related fields, GRADE focuses on the development and study of new technologies and methodologies for particle acceleration and detection.
A **Germanium Detector Array** is a specialized device used in nuclear physics and radiation detection to measure gamma rays and other high-energy photons with high resolution and efficiency. The array consists of multiple germanium detectors that are strategically arranged to improve detection capabilities and provide enhanced spatial resolution.
H1 is a particle detector that was part of the HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ringanlage) collider facility located at the DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) laboratory in Hamburg, Germany. HERA was notable for being the first and only collider to collide electrons or positrons with protons, allowing researchers to explore high-energy interactions between leptons and hadrons.
The HERMES (Heavily-Enhanced Relative Muon and Electron Scattering) experiment was a particle physics experiment conducted at the HERA (Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator) facility at DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) in Hamburg, Germany.
The Hadron Production Experiment (HAP) is typically related to experimental physics involving the production and study of hadrons, which are subatomic particles made up of quarks and participate in strong interactions. Hadrons include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons. While there may be several specific experiments titled or related to hadron production, many of them are conducted within high-energy particle physics contexts.
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of ground-based gamma-ray observatories located in Namibia, specifically designed for the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. H.E.S.S. is particularly focused on gamma-ray astronomy, which investigates cosmic gamma rays, a type of radiation emitted by some of the most energetic processes in the universe, such as supernovae, pulsars, and active galactic nuclei. Key features of H.E.S.S.
The Irradiation Facility at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is a research facility dedicated to studying the effects of radiation on materials and components, particularly in the context of particle physics and advancing technologies. This facility is crucial for testing materials that will be used in the next generation of particle accelerators, detectors, and other experimental setups.
The Irvine–Michigan–Brookhaven (IMB) detector was a neutrino observatory located in the United States. It was primarily designed to detect neutrinos produced by a variety of sources, including supernovae and particle accelerators. The name reflects the collaboration of institutions involved in its construction and operation—specifically, the University of California, Irvine; the University of Michigan; and Brookhaven National Laboratory.
JADE (Java-Detector) is a particle detector that was used primarily at the PETRA (Positron-Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator) collider at DESY (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) in Hamburg, Germany, during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The detector was designed to study electron-positron collisions, helping researchers investigate the properties of various fundamental particles.
KEKB, or the KEK B-Factory, is a particle accelerator facility located in Tsukuba, Japan, that was primarily designed to collide electrons and positrons at high energies. It was developed to enhance the study of B mesons and the phenomena of CP violation, which have important implications for our understanding of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The KEKB accelerator has two main rings: the high-energy ring (HER) and the low-energy ring (LER).
KM3NeT (Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope) is a large-scale underwater neutrino observatory designed to detect high-energy neutrinos coming from cosmic sources, such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and other astrophysical phenomena. The observatory is being constructed in the Mediterranean Sea and aims to significantly enhance our understanding of cosmic neutrinos and their sources.
The Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KLADS) is a neutrino detection experiment located in the Kamioka mine in Japan. The main goal of KLADS is to study antineutrinos, which are nearly massless particles produced in nuclear reactions, such as those occurring in nuclear reactors and in cosmic events. KLADS is designed to detect antineutrinos using a liquid scintillator, a type of material that emits light when charged particles pass through it.
The Kamioka Observatory, also known as the Kamioka Neutrino Observatory (KNO), is a research facility located in the Kamioka mine in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. It is primarily focused on studying neutrinos, which are extremely light and weakly interacting subatomic particles.
The term "LEP Pre-Injector" isn't widely recognized in the context of commonly available technology or devices as of my last knowledge update in October 2023. However, LEP could stand for "Low Energy Proton" or "Low Energy Positron," referring to specific applications in fields like particle physics or materials science. "Pre-injector" likely refers to a component or system used to prepare particles or materials before they are injected into a main system or process.
The LHCf (Large Hadron Collider forward) experiment is a particle physics experiment located at CERN, specifically at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Its primary goal is to study high-energy cosmic rays by measuring particles produced in collisions of protons at high energies. The experiment focuses on measuring the properties of particles, such as photons, neutral pions, and other light particles, that are produced in the forward direction in proton-proton collisions.
A Large-Area Neutron Detector (LAND) is a specialized device designed to detect and measure neutron radiation over a wide area. These detectors are used in various fields, including nuclear physics, astrophysics, radiation safety, and homeland security. The ability to measure neutrons is crucial because neutrons are neutral particles that do not interact with matter in the same way as charged particles (such as alpha and beta particles), making them harder to detect.
The Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) was a particle accelerator located at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, near Geneva, Switzerland. It operated from 1989 to 2000 and was one of the largest and most powerful colliders of its time. LEP was a circular collider that accelerated and collided electrons and their antiparticles, positrons, at high energies.