Wikipedia Bot @wikibot 0

A monochromator is an optical device that isolates a specific wavelength or narrow band of wavelengths from a broader spectrum of light. It typically consists of a light source, a dispersive element, and a detector. The fundamental purpose of a monochromator is to take incoming polychromatic light (light that contains multiple wavelengths) and separate it so that only the desired wavelength or range of wavelengths is transmitted to the output.

Motional narrowing is a phenomenon observed in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. It refers to the reduction in the linewidth of spectral peaks when the motion of the molecules or particles under investigation occurs at a rate that is fast compared to the interaction timescale associated with the magnetic environment.

Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance (MP-SPR) is an advanced technique used to study biomolecular interactions and physical properties at interfaces with high sensitivity and specificity. It is an extension of traditional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, which measures changes in refractive index near metal surfaces caused by biomolecular binding events.

Multiangle light scattering (MALS) is a technique used to characterize the size, shape, and molecular weight of macromolecules in solution, such as proteins, polymers, and nanoparticles. This method is based on the scattering of light at multiple angles as it interacts with particles suspended in a liquid.

Multipass spectroscopic absorption cells, also known as multipass cells or multipass absorbers, are optical devices used in spectroscopy to enhance the measurement of absorbance by increasing the path length of light passing through a sample medium. This is particularly useful in applications where the concentration of the absorbing species is very low, making detection challenging.

Multivariate optical computing (MOC) is an advanced computing paradigm that uses optical systems to perform computations, leveraging the unique properties of light. It involves the simultaneous processing of multiple variables or data dimensions, making it particularly well-suited for tasks that require handling complex, multidimensional data sets. ### Key Features of Multivariate Optical Computing: 1. **Optical Processing**: MOC uses light (usually lasers) to manipulate data.

A Multivariate Optical Element (MOE) is an advanced optical device designed to manipulate light in sophisticated ways, often used in applications involving spectroscopy, imaging, and sensing. Unlike traditional optical elements that simply focus, collimate, or reflect light, MOEs utilize complex patterns or structures to perform multiple functions simultaneously or to achieve a specific outcome based on the properties of the incoming light.

Muon spin spectroscopy (μSR) is a powerful experimental technique used to investigate the magnetic properties and dynamics of materials at the atomic level. It involves the injection of positively charged muons (μ^+), which are elementary particles similar to electrons but with a greater mass. When muons are implanted into a sample, they interact with the local magnetic fields in the material. The key aspects of μSR include: 1. **Muon Injection**: A beam of muons is directed toward the sample.

The Nephelauxetic effect refers to the phenomenon where the presence of certain ligands in coordination complexes reduces the bond strength and the energy separation between the d-orbitals of a metal ion. This effect is commonly observed in transition metal complexes. Specifically, when a metal ion is coordinated to ligands, the electrostatic repulsion between the electron clouds of the ligands and the d-electrons of the metal is lessened.

Neutron backscattering is a technique used in materials science and condensed matter physics to probe the structure and dynamics of materials at the atomic or molecular level. This technique involves the scattering of neutrons from a sample, where neutrons are directed at the sample and measure how they are deflected or backscattered by the atoms within the material.

Neutron spectroscopy is a technique used in condensed matter physics and materials science to study the dynamics and structure of materials at the atomic and molecular levels. It utilizes neutrons, which are neutral particles found in atomic nuclei, to probe the properties of various materials.

The Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method is a numerical technique used primarily in computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer to solve the unsteady-state heat conduction equations, particularly within a finite difference framework. It is a finite difference method that is particularly suited for solving parabolic partial differential equations. **Key Features of the Nicolson–Ross–Weir Method:** 1.

Noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) is a highly sensitive analytical technique used to detect and characterize molecular species. It combines several advanced concepts from optics and spectroscopy to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity in molecular detection. ### Key Components of NICE-OHMS: 1. **Cavity Enhancement**: NICE-OHMS utilizes an optical cavity to enhance the interaction between light and the molecules being studied.

Nuclear spectroscopy is a branch of spectroscopy that focuses on the study of the energy levels and transitions of atomic nuclei. It involves the analysis of the interactions between nuclear states and various radiation forms, particularly gamma rays, which are emitted during nuclear decays or transitions. The primary techniques used in nuclear spectroscopy include gamma-ray spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, and various forms of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy tailored to nuclear states.

Nucleic acid quantitation refers to the measurement of the concentration and purity of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in a sample. This process is essential in various fields including molecular biology, genetics, and biotechnology, as accurate quantitation is crucial for applications like PCR (polymerase chain reaction), cloning, sequencing, and gene expression studies.

Operando spectroscopy refers to a set of analytical techniques that allow for the study of materials and chemical processes in real-time under their actual operating conditions. This approach is particularly valuable in fields like catalysis, battery research, and material science, where understanding the behavior of a system during its operation is crucial for optimizing performance and developing better materials.

Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR) is a diagnostic technique used primarily in materials science and quantum computing to investigate the properties of materials at the atomic or molecular level, particularly those containing paramagnetic centers (atoms or ions with unpaired electrons). The method combines optical techniques with magnetic resonance to obtain information about the electronic and structural properties of these materials.

An optode is a device used to measure chemical parameters, primarily dissolved oxygen and other analytes in various environments, including water bodies and biological systems. It combines optical technologies with a sensing element that responds to specific chemical reactions. Optodes typically consist of: 1. **Sensing Layer:** This layer contains fluorescent dyes that change their properties in response to the presence of specific analytes.

An Orgel diagram is a graphical representation used in the field of coordination chemistry and inorganic chemistry to describe the electronic states of transition metal complexes. Named after the chemist Alfred Orgel, it is particularly useful for illustrating the splitting of d-orbitals in a metal complex and how these energy levels can be affected by the coordination environment around the metal ion (such as the ligands attached to it).

Oscillator strength is a dimensionless quantity used in spectroscopy to quantify the probability of absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation by an atom or molecule during a transition between energy levels. It is particularly important in the study of electronic transitions in atoms and molecules.