Computing timelines

"Computing timelines" can refer to a variety of concepts depending on the context. Generally, it may pertain to: 1. **Historical Timelines of Computing**: This involves outlining key milestones and developments in the history of computing. It could include the invention of fundamental hardware (like the first computers, microprocessors), programming languages, operating systems, and significant events (like the establishment of major tech companies, the rise of the internet, etc.).

As of October 2023, here's a list of Mac models organized by categories: ### MacBook 1. **MacBook Air** - MacBook Air (M1, 2020) - MacBook Air (M2, 2022) 2. **MacBook** - MacBook (Retina, 12-inch, 2015-2017) 3.

Here's a timeline of significant products released by Apple Inc. since its founding in 1976. This timeline highlights critical milestones, major innovations, and product introductions: ### 1970s - **1976**: Apple I - The first product, a single-board computer designed by Steve Wozniak. - **1977**: Apple II - A highly successful early personal computer with color graphics and an open architecture.

The timeline of DOS (Disk Operating System) operating systems reflects the evolution of this influential software concept from its inception in the early days of computing to its later versions and successors.

The term "Internet conflicts" can refer to a variety of issues, including cyber warfare, online hacking incidents, social media manipulation, and other disputes that manifest through or are exacerbated by the internet. Here's a timeline highlighting key events and conflicts related to this theme: ### 1980s-1990s: Early Developments - **1986**: The Worm on the Internet by Robert Tappan Morris, one of the first computer worms, inadvertently causes significant disruption.

The SCO-Linux disputes refer to a series of legal battles primarily between The SCO Group, Inc. (often referred to simply as SCO) and various parties in the open-source community, particularly concerning the use of Linux. The disputes centered around allegations that Linux was using proprietary code from SCO's Unix operating system without permission.

The timeline of artificial intelligence (AI) is a rich narrative of ideas, breakthroughs, and evolving technologies that spans over several decades. Here’s a summary of key events and milestones in the history of AI: ### 1940s-1950s: Foundations - **1943**: Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts publish a paper on neural networks, laying the groundwork for the field.

The timeline of audio formats showcases the evolution of audio technology and the methods used to capture, store, and play back sound over the years. Here’s a chronological overview of key audio formats and developments: ### 19th Century - **1860s**: **Phonograph** - Invented by Thomas Edison, this was the first device to record and reproduce sound.

The timeline of computer animation in film and television is a fascinating journey that spans several decades. Here is an overview highlighting key milestones in the evolution of this technology: ### 1960s - **1960**: The first computerized animation is created by the computer graphics pioneer John Whitney, who uses a mathematical algorithm to create animated sequences. - **1963**: The first known computer-generated animation appears in "Hummingbird," a project by IBM and the artist Frieder Nake.

The timeline of computer viruses and worms illustrates the evolution of malware since the inception of computers. Here's a brief overview of notable viruses and worms throughout the decades: ### 1970s - **1971**: The **Creeper virus**, recognized as the first computer worm, was created by Bob Thomas.

The timeline of computing represents the key developments and milestones in the history of computer technology and its evolution over the years. Here’s a brief overview of significant events and advancements: ### Pre-20th Century - **Abacus (circa 500 BC)**: One of the earliest known calculating devices. - **Mechanical Calculators (17th Century)**: Devices like Blaise Pascal's Pascaline and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's Step Reckoner.

The timeline of computing from 1990 to 1999 was marked by rapid advancements in technology, the growth of the internet, and the emergence of personal computing as a dominant force. Here are some key events from that decade: ### 1990 - **Windows 3.0 Released**: Microsoft launches Windows 3.0, which becomes very successful and helps establish Windows as a leading operating system for personal computers.

The timeline of computing from 2000 to 2009 showcases significant advancements, innovations, and events in the technology sector. Below is a summary of key developments throughout the decade: ### 2000 - **January**: The first version of Windows 2000 is released by Microsoft, aimed at businesses. - **June**: The International Space Station (ISS) begins using Linux operating systems for some of its systems.

The timeline of computing hardware before 1950 includes several key developments and devices that laid the groundwork for modern computing. Here’s a chronological overview of significant milestones: ### Pre-20th Century - **Abacus (circa 3000 BCE)**: One of the first known calculating tools used for counting and arithmetic operations.

The timeline of digital preservation reflects the evolution of methods and strategies for maintaining digital materials over time. Here’s a brief overview of key milestones in the history of digital preservation: ### 1960s - 1970s: Early Concepts - **1965**: The concept of digital preservation begins to emerge with the development of computer storage systems. - **1970s**: Research and development in computer technologies and the first digital archives begin to form.

Anonymous is a decentralized international activist and hacktivist collective known for various actions promoting freedom of information and internet privacy. Below is a timeline highlighting some of the key events associated with Anonymous: ### 2003 - Formation - **Origins**: Anonymous is formed on the imageboard 4chan, where users contributed to a culture of pranking and internet activism. The term “Anonymous” refers to the collective nature of contributors using anonymous identities.

The timeline of file sharing is a history of the evolution of technologies and methods used to share files electronically. Here's a brief overview of key milestones from the inception of file sharing to the present day: ### 1970s - Early Development - **1971**: The **ARPANET** (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was developed as one of the first networks to share information between computers, laying the groundwork for future file-sharing systems.

The timeline of free and open-source software (FOSS) is marked by significant events, publications, and key figures that have shaped the movement. Below is a succinct overview of some landmark moments in the history of FOSS: ### 1960s - **1969**: The UNIX operating system is developed at AT&T's Bell Labs, promoting the culture of sharing source code among academic institutions.

The timeline of hypertext technology showcases the evolution of how information can be interconnected and accessed non-linearly through various systems and platforms.

The timeline of machine learning reflects a continuous evolution of ideas, techniques, and technologies that form the foundation of this dynamic field. Here’s a summary of key milestones in the development of machine learning, spanning decades: ### 1950s - **1950**: Alan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence," proposing the Turing Test as a measure of machine intelligence.

The timeline of machine translation (MT) highlights significant developments in the field over the decades. Below is an overview of key milestones in the history of machine translation: ### 1940s - 1950s: Early Foundations - **1949**: Warren Weaver published the "Weaver Memorandum," which proposed using computers for language translation, laying groundwork for MT.

The timeline of online advertising reflects the evolution of digital marketing techniques and technologies from the early days of the internet to the present. Here’s a brief overview: **1990s: The Birth of Online Advertising** - **1994**: The first banner ad is displayed on HotWired, marking the official beginning of online advertising. The ad was for AT&T. - **1995**: The term “online advertising” begins to enter common usage as more companies begin to advertise online.

The timeline of operating systems (OS) is a rich history that marks the advancements in computing, moving from simple command-line interfaces to modern graphical user interfaces and beyond. Here's a general timeline highlighting significant milestones in the evolution of operating systems: ### 1950s: - **1956**: **IBM 704**: One of the first computers to support a very primitive form of time-sharing.

The history of optical character recognition (OCR) is marked by significant advancements in technology and computer science. Here’s a timeline highlighting key milestones in the development of OCR: ### Early Developments - **1914**: Emanuel Goldberg develops a machine called the "Statistical Machine," which can recognize printed characters. - **1929**: The first known OCR machine, designed by Gustave R. Schroeder, reads hand-printed characters.

The Apple II series was one of the first successful lines of personal computers, produced by Apple Computer, Inc. Below is a timeline outlining the key models and milestones in the Apple II series: ### Timeline of the Apple II Series - **1977: Apple II** - Introduced in April 1977, the Apple II was one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products. It featured a color display, open architecture, and expansion slots.

The timeline of video formats spans several decades, reflecting the evolution of technology, media standards, and consumer preferences. Here’s a chronological overview highlighting some of the key video formats: ### 1950s-1970s: Early Video Formats - **1956**: **Magnetic Tape** - Development of the first magnetic tapes for video recording; Ampex introduces the first commercial video tape recorder (VTR).

The timeline of web browsers is a history of the development and evolution of software applications that allow users to access and navigate the World Wide Web. Here’s a broad overview of key milestones in the history of web browsers: ### 1990s - **1990**: **WorldWideWeb** - The first web browser, created by Tim Berners-Lee. It was primarily a tool for viewing HTML documents.

The timeline of web search engines highlights the evolution of technology designed to help users find information on the internet. Here’s an overview of significant milestones in the development of web search engines: ### 1990s - **1990**: **Archie** - One of the first search engines, created to index FTP archives to help people find specific files. - **1993**: **W3Catalog** - One of the first web directories, it started categorizing web pages.

The timeline of women in computing highlights key milestones and contributions made by women in the field of computing throughout history. Here’s a brief overview: ### Early History - **1843**: Ada Lovelace, recognized as the first computer programmer, writes algorithms for Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.