A Fermi gas is a theoretical model used in quantum mechanics to describe a collection of fermions, which are particles that follow Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions include particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons, each of which obeys the Pauli exclusion principle. This principle states that no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
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A Fermi gas consists of noninteracting fermions whose one-particle states are occupied according to the Fermi-Dirac distribution.
