Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intensely energetic explosions that occur in distant galaxies, releasing an extraordinary amount of gamma radiation in a short period of time, typically lasting from a fraction of a second to several minutes. They are among the most powerful events in the universe and can outshine entire galaxies briefly in the gamma-ray spectrum.
Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are extremely energetic explosions observed in distant galaxies that are characterized by their prolonged emission of gamma rays. These events are among the most powerful explosions in the universe and are typically associated with the collapse of massive stars, which can lead to the formation of black holes or neutron stars.
Short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense bursts of gamma-ray radiation that typically last for a few milliseconds to a couple of seconds, and are known for their high-energy emissions. These bursts are among the most powerful explosions in the universe and can release more energy in a few seconds than the Sun will emit over its entire lifetime.
Soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) are a class of astronomical objects that emit bursts of gamma rays and are thought to be highly magnetized neutron stars, also known as magnetars. These bursts of gamma rays are typically soft, meaning they have lower energy compared to other gamma-ray bursts. SGRs are characterized by their intermittent bursts of gamma radiation and X-rays, which can last from a few milliseconds to several minutes, and occur sporadically.
Beethoven Burst, also known as GRB 991216, is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on December 16, 1999. Gamma-ray bursts are intense flashes of gamma radiation, believed to be among the most energetic events in the universe, often associated with collapsing stars or the merging of compact objects like neutron stars.
GRB 060614 is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on June 14, 2006. It is notable for being classified as a "long-duration" gamma-ray burst, lasting about 102 seconds, which typically signifies the collapse of massive stars into black holes. However, GRB 060614 is particularly interesting because it displayed characteristics that suggested it was associated with a different kind of event.
GRB 070125 is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on January 25, 2007. Gamma-ray bursts are extremely energetic explosions observed in distant galaxies, and they are among the most luminous events in the universe. They typically last from milliseconds to several minutes and can release as much energy in a few seconds as the Sun will emit over its entire lifetime.
GRB 080913 is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on September 13, 2008. Gamma-ray bursts are among the most energetic events in the universe, characterized by the release of a significant amount of gamma radiation over a brief period, typically lasting from milliseconds to several minutes.
GRB 090429B is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on April 29, 2009. It is one of the most distant and energetic GRBs observed, occurring approximately 4.2 billion light-years away from Earth. This burst is categorized as a long-duration gamma-ray burst, which typically lasts from a couple of seconds to several minutes and is believed to be associated with the collapse of massive stars.
GRB 100621A is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that occurred on June 21, 2010. It was detected by the Swift satellite and is notable for being one of the closest GRBs observed at that time, with a redshift of approximately 0.542, which translates to a distance of about 5.1 billion light-years from Earth.
GRB 221009A is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that was detected on October 9, 2022. It gained significant attention in the astronomical community due to its extraordinary brightness and duration, marking it as one of the most intense and energetic gamma-ray bursts recorded. GRBs are among the most powerful explosions in the universe, typically associated with the collapse of massive stars or the merging of neutron stars.
GRB 790305b is a significant astronomical event classified as a gamma-ray burst (GRB). It was detected on March 5, 1979, by the Earth-orbiting Vela satellites, which were originally designed for monitoring nuclear test ban compliance. This GRB is notable because it was one of the first gamma-ray bursts to be identified and cataloged.
A Gamma-Ray Burst Optical/Near-Infrared Detector (GRB OND) is an instrument designed to detect and study optical and near-infrared (NIR) emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Gamma-ray bursts are among the most energetic events in the universe, typically associated with the collapse of massive stars or the merger of neutron stars, leading to the production of gamma-ray radiation.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic events in the universe, producing intense bursts of gamma-ray radiation. The mechanisms behind their emission can generally be divided into two main categories: **prompt emission** and **afterglow emission**. Here’s an overview of each category along with the primary models associated with them. ### 1. Prompt Emission The prompt emission is the initial burst of gamma-rays that occurs over a time scale of seconds to minutes.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are some of the most energetic and luminous events in the universe, typically associated with the collapse of massive stars or the collision of neutron stars. A GRB precursor refers to an event or series of events that occur prior to the main burst, potentially providing signals or indications that a GRB is about to happen.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most energetic events in the universe, producing intense bursts of gamma radiation that can last from milliseconds to several minutes. They are generally classified into two main categories: long-duration GRBs and short-duration GRBs, and each is thought to have different progenitors, or sources. 1. **Long-duration GRBs**: These events typically last more than two seconds and are associated with the deaths of massive stars.
The term "General Coordinates Network" (GCN) may refer to concepts related to geolocation, navigation systems, or data structures used in mapping and spatial analysis. However, as of my last update in October 2023, there is no widely recognized or standard definition explicitly labeled as "General Coordinates Network" in mainstream scientific literature or technological contexts.
The Giant GRB Ring, or Giant Gamma-Ray Burst Ring, refers to a vast structure identified in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation that is thought to be associated with a series of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). These bursts are among the most energetic events in the universe, typically resulting from catastrophic astrophysical processes, such as the collapse of massive stars or mergers of compact objects like neutron stars.
The study of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has a fascinating history that reflects the development of astrophysics and observational technology over the past several decades. Here's an overview of the key milestones in the research of gamma-ray bursts: ### 1. **Discovery (1967)** The story of GRBs began in the late 1960s when the Vela satellites, designed to detect nuclear explosions as part of the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, recorded unexpected and powerful gamma-ray emissions.
The InterPlanetary Network (IPN) is a conceptual framework developed to enable communication among spacecraft that are exploring different celestial bodies within our solar system and potentially beyond. The primary goal of the IPN is to establish a reliable and efficient communication system for space missions that may operate at vast distances from Earth. Key features and objectives of the InterPlanetary Network include: 1. **Decentralized Communication**: The IPN aims to create a decentralized communication network that can function independently of Earth.
A list of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) typically includes the recorded events of these powerful explosions in the universe, characterized by their intense gamma-ray emissions. GRBs are among the brightest and most energetic phenomena observed, and they can be categorized by their duration and characteristics into two main types: short-duration GRBs (lasting less than 2 seconds) and long-duration GRBs (lasting more than 2 seconds).
Vela was a series of satellites launched by the United States starting in the 1960s, primarily intended for detection of nuclear explosions in the atmosphere and space. The Vela program was part of the U.S. effort to monitor compliance with nuclear test ban treaties. The satellites were equipped with advanced sensors capable of detecting the light and radiation emitted during a nuclear explosion.
W49B is a well-studied astronomical object, specifically a supernova remnant located in the constellation of Cassiopeia. It is one of the most well-known examples of a supernova remnant that exhibits unique features, such as a mixture of thermal and non-thermal emissions. The remnant is particularly interesting for its association with a massive star that exploded as a supernova, leaving behind a complex structure of gas and radiation.
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