Human computers

The term "human computers" historically refers to individuals, often women, who performed complex mathematical calculations by hand or using mechanical devices before the advent of electronic computers. These individuals were employed in various fields, such as astronomy, engineering, and finance, to carry out calculations that were essential for scientific and engineering projects. In the early 20th century and before, human computers played a vital role in tasks such as calculating trajectories for space missions or creating mathematical tables.

Harvard Computers refers to a group of women who were employed as "computer" at Harvard University in the early 20th century. This group played a significant role in the field of astronomy, as they were responsible for analyzing astronomical data and cataloging celestial phenomena, particularly at the Harvard College Observatory. The work involved manual calculations and the interpretation of vast amounts of observational data.

Anna Winlock was an American astronomer and a notable figure in 19th-century science. She is best known for her work in the field of astronomy, particularly her contributions to the study of double stars and her involvement with observatory work. Winlock was the daughter of William C. Winlock, an astronomer who worked at the Harvard College Observatory. She played a significant role in the advancement of female participation in scientific fields during a time when such opportunities were limited for women.

Annie Jump Cannon (1863–1941) was an American astronomer known for her significant contributions to the field of stellar classification. She is best known for developing the Harvard Classification Scheme, which categorizes stars based on their temperatures and spectral types. This system uses letters (O, B, A, F, G, K, M) to classify stars, with O being the hottest and M being the coolest.

Antonia Maury (1866–1952) was an American astronomer and a significant figure in the field of astrophysics. She is best known for her contributions to the classification of star spectra and was a pioneer in the study of stellar classification. Maury developed a systematic way to classify stars based on their spectra, proposing enhancements to the classification system that was established by her mentor, Edward C. Pickering, at Harvard College Observatory.

Evelyn Leland does not appear to be a widely recognized figure or concept as of my last knowledge update in October 2021. It is possible that she could be a private individual, a character from a work of fiction, or someone who has gained some form of recognition after that date.

Florence Cushman was a notable figure in the realm of education in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She is best known for her work as one of the founders of Cushman School, a private institution in Miami, Florida. Established in 1962, the school has a long-standing reputation for providing quality education and fostering a supportive learning environment.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868–1921) was an American astronomer whose work significantly contributed to the field of astrophysics, particularly in understanding variable stars and the measurement of cosmic distances. She is best known for her discovery of the relationship between the luminosity and the periodicity of Cepheid variable stars. Leavitt's research at the Harvard College Observatory involved studying the brightness variations of these stars, which pulsate in regular intervals.

Mary Anna Draper refers to a historical figure who is best known for being the wife of the notable American explorer, activist, and naturalist, William Henry Draper. She is often recognized within the context of her contributions to various social and cultural initiatives during her lifetime in the 19th century.

Muriel Mussells Seyfert appears to be a less widely known figure, and there may be limited publicly available information about her. If you are looking for specific details or context about her, it might be beneficial to provide more information or clarify the context in which you are inquiring about her. If she is a fictional character, a historical figure, or related to a particular field (such as science, art, etc.

Williamina Fleming (1857–1911) was a Scottish astronomer known for her significant contributions to the field of astronomy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She worked at the Harvard College Observatory, where she was one of the first women to be appointed to an official position in the field. Fleming played a crucial role in the classification of stars and the development of stellar spectroscopy.

West Area Computers (WAC) is an organization that specializes in computer and information technology services, including providing hardware and software solutions, IT support, and consultancy for various industries. They may offer services ranging from system integration, network management, cybersecurity, to custom software development. WAC may serve various clients, including businesses, educational institutions, and government agencies, aiming to enhance their IT infrastructure and efficiency.

Christine Darden is an American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and author known for her significant contributions to the fields of aerodynamics and the aeronautics industry. She was part of the team at NASA Langley Research Center, where she worked on developing supersonic and hypersonic flight technologies and played a vital role in addressing issues related to sonic booms.

Dorothy Vaughan was an African American mathematician and computer programmer who worked for NASA and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She was born on September 20, 1910, in Kansas City, Missouri, and passed away on November 10, 2008. Vaughan is best known for her contributions to the field of computing during a time when women, particularly women of color, faced significant barriers in the workforce.

Katherine Johnson (1918–2020) was an African American mathematician and physicist whose work was crucial to the success of the United States' early space program. She made significant contributions to the calculations for NASA's Project Mercury and the Apollo missions, including the trajectory analysis for John Glenn's first American orbital flight in 1962. Johnson's work went largely unrecognized for many years due to both the prevailing racial and gender biases of her time.

Mary Jackson was an American mathematician and aerospace engineer, best known for her work at NASA during the Space Race. Born on April 9, 1921, in Hampton, Virginia, she was a prominent figure in the field of engineering and a trailblazer for women and people of color in the STEM fields.

Alice Burks is a notable figure in the history of computer science, particularly recognized for her contributions to the development of early computing concepts and technologies. She was a key member of the team that worked on the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), one of the first general-purpose digital computers, during the 1940s.

Anne Walker is an American astronomer known for her contributions to observational astronomy, particularly in the study of star clusters and the dynamics of galaxies. Her work often involves the use of advanced astronomical techniques and instruments to better understand the formation and evolution of these celestial objects.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, I do not have specific information on an individual named Barbara Canright. It's possible she is a private individual or a figure that has gained relevance after my last update. If you have more context or details about her, I could attempt to help you understand her significance or role in a particular field.

Barbara Paulson could refer to a number of individuals, but one notable figure is Barbara Paulson, a prominent artist known for her work in textile design and fiber arts. She has been recognized for her contributions to art and education in these fields.

Bertha Lamme Feicht is not widely known in general historical or cultural contexts, so it’s possible that she could be a private individual or have significance in a specific, perhaps local or niche context. Without further specifics about her background or relevance, it’s challenging to provide detailed information.

Betty Holberton (born Betty Jennings in 1917) was an American computer programmer and one of the original programmers of the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), one of the first general-purpose electronic digital computers. Along with other women who worked on ENIAC, Holberton played a crucial role in the development of early computer programming and was instrumental in pioneering techniques that are still used in programming today.

Cora G. Burwell is not a widely recognized public figure or term within well-known contexts as of my last knowledge update in October 2021. It's possible that she could be a private individual or a figure who has gained prominence or recognition after that date.

Eliza Edwards can refer to different individuals or subjects, but without additional context, it's not clear which specific "Eliza Edwards" you are inquiring about.

Elizabeth Langdon Williams is not a widely recognized public figure or concept, so it’s possible that she may refer to a lesser-known individual, or perhaps you’re referring to a specific context such as an author, artist, academic, or other professional.

Frances Spence might refer to different topics or individuals, but one prominent figure by that name is a notable computer scientist known for her work in the field of programming languages and software engineering. She is particularly noted for contributions to the development of influential languages and methodologies.

As of my last update, there is no widely recognized figure or concept known as "Janez Lawson." It's possible that it may refer to a private individual, a recent event, or a niche topic that has emerged after my last training cut-off in October 2023.

Jean Bartik was an influential American computer scientist known for her pioneering work in programming and early computing. She was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), which was one of the first general-purpose electronic digital computers. Bartik and her colleagues faced significant challenges, such as the need to program the ENIAC using complex wiring and manual calculations before the development of high-level programming languages.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there is no widely recognized figure by the name of Jennie Lasby Tessmann. It's possible she could be a private individual, a local figure, or someone who has gained prominence after that date. If you have any more specific context or details about her, I could help you better.

Kathaleen Land is a fictional realm created by author C. J. Cherryh for her Guild series, which includes the books "Foreigner," "Inv insider," "Conspirator," and others. The series is known for its rich world-building, intricate political systems, and deep exploration of the interactions between different cultures and species.

Kathleen Antonelli is a notable figure in the field of computer science and engineering, particularly recognized for her contributions during the early stages of computing. She was one of the first female programmers and worked on the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), one of the first general-purpose electronic digital computers. Her work, along with that of other women at the ENIAC project, was crucial in demonstrating the capabilities of electronic computing and in developing programming methodologies.

As of my last update in October 2023, Macie Roberts does not appear to refer to a widely recognized public figure, concept, or entity. It could possibly be a name belonging to a private individual or a lesser-known personality. If Macie Roberts has gained recognition or relevance after that date, I might not have that information.

The term "Mary Clem" doesn't refer to any widely recognized concept, entity, or term based on my training data up to October 2023. It's possible that it could refer to a specific person, a fictional character, or perhaps a niche topic that isn't well-documented.

Mary Edwards was one of the early "human computers," a term used to describe individuals who performed complex mathematical calculations by hand before the advent of electronic computers. Human computers were particularly important in fields such as astronomy, engineering, and physics, where precise calculations were essential. Mary Edwards is best known for her work during the early 20th century, particularly at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), the precursor to NASA.

Myrtle L. Richmond does not seem to refer to a widely recognized public figure, event, or concept. It is possible that she is a private individual or a lesser-known person whose significance is not captured in widely available data up to October 2023. If you have a specific context or additional details about Myrtle L.

Nicole-Reine Lepaute (1723–1788) was a French mathematician and astronomer known for her work in the field of celestial mechanics. She is particularly recognized for calculating the orbits of comets and for her contributions to the prediction of the transit of Venus across the Sun in 1761 and 1769.

Ruth Teitelbaum was a notable figure known for her work in the field of mathematics, particularly in combinatorial geometry and related areas. She contributed to various mathematical problems and is often recognized for her teaching and mentoring roles within academic settings.

Susan G. Finley is a notable figure in the field of astronomy, particularly known for her contributions to planetary science and education. She is most recognized for her work at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and for her role in various space missions, including those exploring Mars and other celestial bodies. In addition to her scientific contributions, Finley is an advocate for science education and outreach, promoting STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education.