Sulfur has several isotopes, which are variants of the sulfur atom that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. The most common isotopes of sulfur are: 1. **Sulfur-32 (²³²S)**: This is the most abundant isotope, accounting for about 95% of naturally occurring sulfur. It has 16 protons and 16 neutrons.
Carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) refers to sulfate ions that are incorporated into carbonate minerals, particularly in sedimentary rocks. This form of sulfate is typically found in carbonates like calcite or aragonite, which are common in marine and freshwater environments.
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry is the study of sulfur in various biological, geological, and chemical processes, focusing on the variations in sulfur isotopes and how they reflect environmental conditions, biological activity, and geochemical cycles.
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