Mechanical impedance is a concept used in mechanical engineering and physics to describe how a mechanical system responds to external forces. It is defined as the ratio of the complex amplitude of a sinusoidal force applied to a system to the complex amplitude of the resulting velocity of that system.
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Mechanical impedance is the ratio of a driving force complex amplitude to the resulting velocity complex amplitude at a specified point and in a specified direction. Its units are . The direction of the force, the time convention and whether one is describing a travelling component or a total field must be stated. A positive real travelling-wave mechanical impedance transfers mean power when is the peak velocity wave amplitude.