Oceanographic instrumentation refers to the various tools and devices used to study and monitor the physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects of the ocean. This instrumentation plays a crucial role in oceanography, which is the scientific discipline that explores the ocean's properties, dynamics, ecosystems, and their interactions with the atmosphere and land.
Oceanographic satellites are specialized satellites designed to monitor and study various aspects of Earth's oceans. They collect data on physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean, providing valuable information for scientific research, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Here are some key functions and features of oceanographic satellites: 1. **Sea Surface Temperature (SST)**: Many oceanographic satellites are equipped with sensors that measure the temperature of the ocean's surface.
Argo is a type of remotely operated vehicle (ROV) designed for underwater exploration and research. Specifically, the term "Argo" is often associated with the Argo II and other models developed by various organizations for marine and oceanographic studies. These vehicles are typically equipped with cameras, sensors, and various scientific instruments to collect data and capture visuals of the underwater environment.
A bathythermograph is an oceanographic instrument used to measure and record the temperature of water at various depths in the ocean. It typically consists of a series of thermometers or temperature sensors that are attached to a device that can descend through the water column, often deployed from ships. As the bathythermograph moves through the water, it records the temperature at different depths, providing valuable data about the thermal structure of the ocean.
A benthic lander is an instrument or platform designed for studying the benthic zone, which is the lowest ecological zone in a body of water, including oceans, lakes, and rivers. This zone encompasses the sediments and the organisms living on or in the sediments at the bottom of these water bodies. Benthic landers are typically equipped with various scientific instruments and sensors to collect data on physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the benthic environment.
CTD stands for Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth. It refers to an instrument used in oceanography and other fields of environmental science to measure these three important parameters of water. 1. **Conductivity**: This measures the ability of water to conduct electrical current, which is related to the concentration of dissolved salts and other ions in the water.
In oceanography, a "drifter" refers to a buoyant device that is deployed in the ocean to measure and record various physical parameters of the water. These devices are often equipped with GPS and a suite of sensors that allow them to collect data on ocean currents, temperature, salinity, and sometimes other variables like pressure or chlorophyll concentration. Drifters float along with ocean currents, allowing researchers to track these currents over time and space.
Echo sounding is a technique used to determine the depth of water, as well as to map the seabed and identify objects submerged in the water. It operates on the principle of emitting sound waves and analyzing their echoes, similar to sonar technology. Here’s how it works: 1. **Sound Wave Emission**: A transducer emits a sound pulse (often a series of short clicks or pings) into the water column.
The Ekman water bottle may refer to a product from a brand that focuses on design and functionality, often geared towards outdoor enthusiasts, athletes, or those looking for reusable and environmentally friendly hydration solutions. However, as of my last update in October 2023, there is no specific or widely recognized product or brand called the "Ekman water bottle.
An epibenthic sled is a type of sampling device used in marine biology and oceanography to collect benthic organisms that live on or near the ocean floor. This device is designed to capture epibenthic fauna, which are organisms that inhabit the upper layers of the seabed and include species such as crabs, fish, and various invertebrates. The sled typically consists of a flat, sled-like body with a net or mesh bag attached to its trailing edge.
In oceanography, a "float" refers to a type of autonomous device that is used to collect data about the ocean environment. Floats are designed to drift with ocean currents while periodically surfacing to transmit their collected data via satellite. They are essential tools in oceanographic research for monitoring various physical and chemical properties of seawater, such as temperature, salinity, and pressure at different depths.
Fort Denison is a historic coastal defense facility located on an island in Sydney Harbour, Australia. Originally built in the mid-19th century, specifically between 1857 and 1861, it was designed to protect the port of Sydney against potential naval attacks. The fort was constructed using sandstone and features a distinctive round structure, along with a small lighthouse. The site has a rich history, serving various military functions over the years, including a position for convict labor.
Hansa Carrier is a company that specializes in logistics and transportation services, particularly in the area of air and ocean freight. It typically provides solutions for the movement of goods across international borders, including customs clearance, warehousing, and supply chain management. Hansa Carrier may operate in various regions and sectors, often catering to the needs of businesses looking for efficient freight solutions.
Liquid Robotics, founded in 2007, is a technology company that specializes in the development of ocean monitoring and data collection systems using autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs). Their primary product is the Wave Glider, an innovative marine robot that harnesses wave energy to propel itself across the surface of the water while collecting data from various sensors.
A Nansen bottle is a specialized device used in oceanography to collect water samples from various depths in the ocean. Named after the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen, the bottle is designed to capture water without contamination and is essential for studying the physical, chemical, and biological properties of seawater. The typical Nansen bottle consists of a cylindrical container with a mechanism that allows it to be closed at both ends. When deployed from a ship, the bottle is lowered to the desired depth.
The "Noosfera" is a Russian research vessel, famously classified as an icebreaker. It was launched in the 1980s and has been involved in various scientific expeditions, particularly in Arctic and Antarctic waters. The vessel is equipped to navigate through ice-covered seas, enabling it to support research initiatives in areas that are otherwise inaccessible due to ice conditions.
The RRS Charles Darwin is a research vessel operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). It was named after the renowned naturalist Charles Darwin and has been used primarily for scientific research in polar and coastal waters. Launched in 1985, the ship is equipped for a range of activities, including oceanographic studies, marine biology, and geological research.
RRS Discovery (2012) is a British polar research vessel commissioned by the National Environment Research Council (NERC) and operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). This ship is named after the original RRS Discovery, which was launched in 1901 and was part of Robert Falcon Scott's first Antarctic expedition. The 2012 version of RRS Discovery was designed specifically for scientific research, allowing for extensive marine and environmental studies in polar regions.
The RRS James Cook is a British research vessel operated by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for marine science research. Launched in 2007, the ship is named after the famous British explorer Captain James Cook. The RRS James Cook is designed for a variety of scientific missions, including oceanographic studies, biological research, and geological surveys.
The RRS John Biscoe is a research vessel operated by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Launched in 1956, it was specifically designed for conducting scientific research in the polar regions, particularly in Antarctica. Named after the British explorer John Biscoe, the ship has played a significant role in facilitating various scientific expeditions, including oceanography, glaciology, and biology in some of the most remote and harsh environments on Earth.
A research vessel is a specialized ship designed and equipped for conducting scientific research and exploration in marine environments. These vessels are used by scientists and researchers to study various aspects of the ocean, including its physical, biological, and chemical properties. Research vessels can be involved in a range of activities, such as: 1. **Marine Biology**: Studying marine organisms and ecosystems. 2. **Oceanography**: Examining ocean currents, water properties, and the seabed.
Saildrone is a technology company that designs and operates autonomous uncrewed surface vehicles (USVs), often referred to as "saildrones." These vehicles are equipped with various sensors and instruments that allow them to collect data from the ocean and the atmosphere. The primary applications of Saildrone’s technology include oceanographic research, environmental monitoring, fisheries management, and climate studies.
SeaWiFS, or the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, was a NASA satellite instrument designed to monitor oceanic and atmospheric properties. Launched in September 1997 aboard the OrbView-2 satellite, SeaWiFS was primarily focused on measuring ocean color, which is essential for understanding plankton distribution, chlorophyll concentration, and overall ocean health. The satellite utilized a scanning radiometer that captured data in multiple wavelengths of light.
A Secchi disk is a simple and effective tool used to measure water transparency in bodies of water. It consists of a circular disk, usually about 20 centimeters (8 inches) in diameter, that is divided into black and white quadrants. The disk is lowered into the water on a rope or cable until it becomes invisible to the observer, who then records the depth at which this occurs.
A sediment trap is a device or structure used to capture and collect sediments that are transported by water (such as rivers, lakes, or ocean currents) or by wind. These traps are commonly used in environmental studies, sedimentology, and engineering applications. ### Key Features of Sediment Traps: 1. **Purpose**: The primary aim is to monitor sediment transport and accumulation, to study sediment dynamics, and to measure sedimentation rates in various aquatic environments.
The USNS Robert D. Conrad (T-AKE-9) is a Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo ship of the United States Navy. Named after Captain Robert D. Conrad, a notable officer in the U.S. Navy, the ship is designed to provide logistical support to Navy ships at sea by delivering supplies such as ammunition, food, fuel, and repair parts. The Lewis and Clark-class ships are equipped with advanced cargo handling systems and have the capability to replenish multiple ships simultaneously.
USS Rehoboth (AVP-50) was a Bath-class small seaplane tender of the United States Navy. Laid down in 1943, she was launched in 1944 and commissioned in 1944. The ship was named after the city of Rehoboth Beach in Delaware. Rehoboth served primarily during the 1940s and 1950s, providing support for seaplanes, aircraft, and other naval operations.
An underwater glider is an autonomous, unmanned underwater vehicle designed to navigate through the ocean at various depths. Unlike traditional submarines or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), underwater gliders do not use propellers for propulsion. Instead, they rely on changes in buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure to move through the water, much like a fish or a bird glides through the air.
An Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) is a type of autonomous or remotely-operated maritime vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew onboard. USVs are designed for various applications, including but not limited to: 1. **Surveillance and Monitoring**: USVs can be equipped with cameras, sensors, and other monitoring equipment to conduct surveillance, environmental monitoring, and reconnaissance missions.
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