A **unitary matrix** is a complex square matrix \( U \) that satisfies the condition: \[ U^\dagger U = U U^\dagger = I \] where \( U^\dagger \) is the conjugate transpose (also known as the Hermitian transpose) of \( U \), and \( I \) is the identity matrix of the same dimension as \( U \).
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Complex analogue of orthogonal matrix.
Applications:
- in quantum computers programming basically comes down to creating one big unitary matrix as explained at: quantum computing is just matrix multiplication