A collaborative project for integrating computational descriptions of Caenorhabditis elegans. It makes whole-organism modeling concrete by connecting cellular and physiological components; the project’s scope does not imply that every biological event is already simulated.^[ref]

Localized optical heating at a nanoscale metal junction can fuse a contact. In the demonstrated silver-wire process, the initial gap concentrates light; once electrical/physical contact forms, the optical hotspot changes and limits further heating. Comparing local morphology and electrical resistance with unwelded or uniformly heated controls tests whether contacts improve without broad substrate damage.^[ref]

Persistence of a virus in a restricted programme distinct from productive particle formation. Latency does not mean complete molecular inactivity.

A membrane-bounded carrier that delivers cargo toward the cell surface for release. Fusion with the cell membrane exposes the vesicle’s interior to the extracellular space, connecting intracellular packaging with secretion.

Merger of a vesicle membrane with a target membrane. The process connects the two enclosed aqueous spaces or releases cargo outside the cell, while also transferring membrane components to the target surface.

Preferential delivery, recycling or removal of membrane components in different cellular domains. Domain-specific traffic converts positional information into unequal membrane growth and composition.

A most general unifier is a unifying substitution through which every other unifier factors by a further substitution. It records exactly the equality constraints forced by the terms.