A high-crowned tooth construction supplying a reserve against wear. It differs from hypselodonty, and is not by itself proof of a grass diet.

Continued growth of a tooth, distinguished from a tall but finite reserve crown in hypsodonty.

Small wear features on tooth surfaces used to infer food processing near the end of the wear record. Diet, external grit, preparation and post-mortem damage must be distinguished.

Assessment of macroscopic wear-related cusp shape and relief. It integrates a different temporal scale of food processing from dental microwear.

An occlusal construction combining shearing and crushing, with the lower molar talonid basin interacting with an upper cusp. Similar functional geometry does not alone settle whether all examples share one evolutionary origin.

A tooth class lying in front of the molars in the typical heterodont mammalian arrangement.

A posterior tooth class important in many forms of food processing. Molar form varies with lineage, position and wear.

An anterior tooth class specialized in diverse ways for cropping, cutting or gnawing.

A highly mineralized dental tissue. Its distribution and wear relative to other tissues help maintain functional tooth surfaces.

The arrangement and complement of teeth, including their classes, positions and replacement pattern.

A highly mineralized epithelial product formed by ameloblasts, distinct from dentine. fossil tissue distributions and enamel-matrix gene expression support an ancestry in dermal coverings deeper than its familiar deployment on teeth.^[ref]

A mineralized dental tissue formed by odontoblasts. It differs developmentally and structurally from the outer enamel coating of a typical human tooth crown.

A specialized cell producing dentine. Its tissue contribution differs from that of an ameloblast.

The dental crown is the coronal part of a tooth, anatomically distinguished from its root. Its external covering and surface geometry are adapted to contact and food processing. The visible clinical crown can differ from the anatomical crown when the gingival margin changes.

A liquid target with a gaseous charge-readout layer. An interaction produces prompt particle scintillation, conventionally S1, and ionization electrons that drift to the liquid surface. Extracted electrons produce gas electroluminescence, conventionally S2. Timing and light-pattern information give three-dimensional position; the S2/S1 distribution helps distinguish electron recoils from nuclear recoils. It does not remove neutron-induced single recoils, and the discrimination requires calibration.