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Emre Yolcu is a computer scientist whose research includes proof complexity, Boolean satisfiability and automated deduction. These subjects distinguish the existence of a short formal proof from the computational task of finding it.[ref]
With Xinyu Wu and Marijn Heule, he studied Mycielski graphs through clausal proofs of their colouring requirements. Their work constructed short proofs in a propagation-redundancy system and compared their availability with the behaviour of automated proof search.[ref]
Mycielski graphs and PR proofs by Emre Yolcu and others. Abstract and introduction
Homepage: emreyolcu.com/
Jean Gallier is a computer scientist whose research connects mathematical foundations with computer programming and geometric applications. His earlier work includes formal verification, automated deduction and unification; his later interests include computer graphics, computer vision, robotics and the geometry of curves and surfaces.[ref]
His Curves and Surfaces in Geometric Modeling: Theory and Algorithms by Jean Gallier develops geometric constructions with explicit mathematical foundations. For example, its account of affine maps separates the geometry of points from the linear maps acting on displacement vectors, a distinction useful when describing transformations in computer graphics.[ref]
Curves and Surfaces in Geometric Modeling: Theory and Algorithms by Jean Gallier. Sections 2.4 and 2.7, affine constructions
Homepage: www.cis.upenn.edu/~jean/
Jonas Almström Duregård is a computer scientist and a coeditor, with Peter Ljunglöf and Alex Gerdes, of Data Structures and Algorithms edited by Peter Ljunglöf and others. The book connects data structures with algorithms that operate on them, including linked lists, dynamic arrays and binary trees. Its organization illustrates the distinction between an interface's promised operations and the representation used to implement them.[ref]
Homepage: www.chalmers.se/en/persons/almstroj/
Alex Gerdes is a computer scientist and a coeditor, with Peter Ljunglöf and Jonas Almström Duregård, of Data Structures and Algorithms edited by Peter Ljunglöf and others. Its treatment connects sorting algorithms with asymptotic analysis and implementation choices. For example, choosing a sorting algorithm involves comparing its growth in work as well as properties such as stability and storage requirements.[ref]
Homepage: www.chalmers.se/en/persons/alexg/
Peter Ljunglöf is a computer scientist and a coeditor, with Alex Gerdes and Jonas Almström Duregård, of Data Structures and Algorithms edited by Peter Ljunglöf and others. The book develops abstract data types alongside concrete representations and analysis of algorithms. Its comparison of linear search with binary search illustrates how assumptions about the stored data affect the available algorithm.[ref]
Homepage: www.chalmers.se/en/persons/peb/
Léo Ducas is a computer scientist whose work concerns lattice-based cryptography and lattice algorithms. His research connects the geometry and computation of Euclidean lattices with the construction of cryptographic protocols.[ref]
Léo Ducas's CWI research homepage. About, teaching and cryptographic scheme contributions
He is a co-designer of CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium, the schemes that were standardized as ML-KEM and ML-DSA. They serve different purposes: a key encapsulation mechanism establishes a shared secret through a public-key operation, while a digital signature authenticates a message under a signing key.[ref]
Léo Ducas's CWI research homepage. Co-Designer of schemes submitted for standardization, CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium
Homepage: homepages.cwi.nl/~ducas/
Portrait of Léo Ducas
. Photograph linked on the CWI personal homepage.Gabriele Farina is a computer scientist who studies machine learning, optimization and game theory, especially decision-making with incomplete information. His research connects individual learning rules with the collective behaviour of interacting decision-makers.[ref]
Research profile by Gabriele Farina. About me; No-Regret Learning Dynamics
One focus is no-regret learning: can repeated local adaptation lead to a useful game-theoretic equilibrium? The computational question matters because a multi-agent system must find strategies through available observations and calculations. His doctoral work studied learning and equilibrium computation in imperfect-information games.[ref]
Homepage: www.eecs.mit.edu/people/gabriele-farina/
Portrait of Gabriele Farina
. Portrait identified on the MIT EECS profile.Cheryl Smith coauthored work on electronic balances and gravimetric applications, including pycnometer density measurement. Calibration and weighing at different temperatures require attention to the liquid's density and the calibrated vessel volume.
A precise mass reading is therefore one input to a density measurement. Temperature conventions and sample handling determine how that reading is converted into a material property.[ref]
The Electronic Balance and Some Gravimetric Applications (The Density of Solids and Liquids, Pycnometry and Mass) by Randall M. Schoonover and others. Printed pages 313–316, pycnometer calibration and application
Sterling Brown Hendricks coauthored experiments in which red and far-red illumination changed seed germination reversibly. Controlled dark preparation and alternating exposures connected wavelength with a later biological endpoint.
The reversal supports a photochemical switching process. The original experiment explicitly deferred pigment identification, so the observed response should be distinguished from later identification of the sensing molecule.[ref]
A Reversible Photoreaction Controlling Seed Germination by Harry Alfred Borthwick and others. Pages 662–665, exposures and Table 1
Gerald T. Fraser coauthored validation of Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy for trace-gas measurements. The instrument combines controlled excitation and molecular expansion with a rotational spectroscopic readout.
Changing carrier conditions can change the sampled populations, so an instrument's sensitivity must be separated from the chemical composition presented to it.[ref]
The Validation of Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectroscopy for Trace-Gas Analysis. Printed pages 25–27, apparatus and nozzle comparisons
Identity source: www.nist.gov/people/gerald-t-fraser
George C. Rhoderick coauthored research validating microwave spectroscopy for trace-gas analysis. The work tests quantitative response against prepared gas mixtures and calibration standards.
Such comparisons connect a measured spectral amplitude with a chemical amount. Sample delivery and expansion can influence that connection even when line assignment is secure.[ref]
The Validation of Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectroscopy for Trace-Gas Analysis. Printed pages 25–27, quantitative validation
Identity source: www.nist.gov/publications/search_by_author/1148686
R. S. DaBell coauthored validation of Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy for trace gases. Comparisons of carrier conditions and a blind mixture test how reliably spectral measurements recover prepared concentrations.
The experiment distinguishes molecular identification from quantitative calibration: detecting a characteristic line does not by itself establish its concentration.[ref]
The Validation of Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectroscopy for Trace-Gas Analysis. Printed pages 25–27, Figures 2–3 and 6, Table II
Pamela M. Chu coauthored validation of Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy for trace-gas analysis. The study compares an instrument response with known and blind gas mixtures.
A resolved rotational line can identify a molecule, but quantifying its abundance also requires a calibration model. Nozzle expansion and carrier-gas conditions can alter the relation between the prepared mixture and the measured signal.[ref]
The Validation of Fourier-Transform Microwave Spectroscopy for Trace-Gas Analysis. Printed pages 25–27: apparatus, calibration and blind mixture
Identity source: www.nist.gov/people/pamela-m-chu
Andrei Tokmakoff developed teaching treatments of molecular absorption lineshapes and rotational optical responses. His authored notes connect population differences and transition matrix elements with an experimentally observed spectrum.
A transition's energy determines where a line can occur, while its dipole or polarizability matrix element helps determine whether the line is observable. This separates the existence of energy levels from the strength of a spectroscopic signal.[ref]
Absorption lineshapes by Andrei Tokmakoff. Sections 6.1–6.2, population factors and optical matrix elements
Identity source: chemistry.uchicago.edu/faculty/andrei-tokmakoff
Portrait of Andrei Tokmakoff
. Photograph identified on the University of Chicago Department of Chemistry profile.William E. Moerner coauthored optical detection and spectroscopy of individual molecules in a solid. Resolving a single emitter separates its response from the average over many molecular environments.
The experiment connects spectral selectivity and optical sensitivity with molecular-level observation. A measured ensemble line can hide distinctions that become visible when individual molecules are observed.[ref]
Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules in a solid by W. E. Moerner and L. Kador. Primary single-molecule optical detection paper
Portrait of William E. Moerner
. Christopher P. Michel (Cmichel67), own photograph, 18 July 2024. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International., via Wikimedia Commons. Source.Delmar S. Larsen authored or curated a physical-chemistry treatment of harmonic vibrations and infrared spectroscopy. Its dipole-change criterion explains why a vibrational mode can exist without producing an ordinary infrared absorption line.
Anharmonic corrections also permit overtones absent from the simplest harmonic, linear-dipole selection rule. These distinctions connect a model's assumptions with the features actually seen in a spectrum.[ref]
14: Harmonic Oscillators and IR Spectroscopy, UCD Chem 110A by Delmar S. Larsen. Lecture 14: infrared activity and overtone discussion
Tim Harrison co-prepared demonstrations that link visible chemical changes with equations and controls. In the zinc–copper-sulfate demonstration, a comparison with zinc sulfate helps test the interpretation of metal displacement.
The display is useful scientifically because the control and material balance connect an appearance change with a specific chemical transformation.[ref]
Chemical Demonstrations Booklet by Magdalena Wajrak and Tim Harrison. Demonstration 16, equipment, observations, and comparison
Magdalena Wajrak co-prepared chemical demonstrations connecting visible observations with balanced reaction chemistry. A zinc–copper-sulfate comparison distinguishes a reacting metal-salt pair from a zinc-sulfate control.
The control helps assign the colour and deposit changes to the proposed redox transformation. An observation becomes more informative when a comparison excludes a simpler explanation.[ref]
Chemical Demonstrations Booklet by Magdalena Wajrak and Tim Harrison. Demonstration 16, pages 32–33
Her institutional profile identifies her as a chemist whose research areas include electrochemistry and theoretical chemistry.
A chemist specializing in physical chemistry and precision thermometers.[ref]
https://cen.acs.org/articles/84/i20/Obituaries.html. Obituaries, 15 May 2006, George T. Furukawa entry: physical chemistry and precision thermometer calibration
His initials G. T. Furukawa appear on the 1997 study of triple-point cells.[ref]https://www.nist.gov/publications/effects-different-methods-preparation-ice-mantles-triple-point-water-cells-temporal. NIST publication record, Author(s): G T. Furukawa; Metrologia 34 (1997)
Researcher in seed physiology. With William E. Finch-Savage, Leubner-Metzger analyzed regulation of seed dormancy and germination, distinguishing a viable seed’s capacity to grow from its immediate response to favorable conditions.[ref]
Seed dormancy and the control of germination by William E. Finch-Savage and Gerhard Leubner-Metzger. Title, author list and reported study
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact