Abelian plane subgroup of the Heisenberg group modulo four
ID: abelian-plane-subgroup-of-the-heisenberg-group-modulo-four
In the Heisenberg group over a commutative ring with , the subset is an Abelian subgroup of group order 16. Its product has central coordinate , symmetric in the two factors. Its inverse element is . The map is a surjective group homomorphism to the additive group of , with kernel of a group homomorphism . Thus is a normal subgroup and has four cosets in the 64-element group.
Unlike the odd-prime case, division by two is unavailable. In fact take and . Then , where the binomial coefficient is computed as an integer before reduction modulo four. Hence and has element order eight. The element has element order two and is not a power of : the powers with outer coordinates two have central coordinates one or three. Their generated subgroups intersect trivially, so the 16-element Abelian group is the direct product of groups .
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