 Electroweak scale

The electroweak scale is the characteristic energy associated with electroweak symmetry breaking. With the Standard Model Higgs doublet normalized by $⟨H⟩=(0,v/\sqrt{2}{)}^T$, its vacuum expectation value satisfies $v=(\sqrt{2}{G}_F{)}^{-1/2}\simeq 246\mathrm{GeV}$ and $m_W=gv/2$. Its smallness compared with possible ultraviolet scales motivates the hierarchy problem.

The electroweak scale refers to the energy scale at which the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces unify into a single force within the framework of the Standard Model of particle physics. This unification occurs at high energies, approximately around \( 10^2 \) to \( 10^3 \) GeV (giga-electronvolts).