Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-chemistry-course-of-the-year-3-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/paper-3/47/c/solution
Past exam of the chemistry course of the year 3 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge 2022 Paper 3 47 c Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-20
Away from singular regimes, assume enthalpy and heat capacity at constant pressure are extensive: and , with nonzero intensive . The enthalpy fluctuation formula then givesAbsolute fluctuations grow as , while the mean grows as . In the thermodynamic limit, enthalpy per particle therefore concentrates around its mean; it is relative, rather than absolute, fluctuations that vanish. This is the usual relative fluctuations of an extensive observable scaling. It assumes ordinary extensive heat capacity and a nonzero mean with a stated energy reference; a critical divergence or an artificially zero mean requires separate analysis.
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