Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-chemistry-course-of-the-year-4-of-the-natural-sciences-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2022/paper-3/section-f/47/b/solution

The printed PDF has a plus sign before the second logarithm. Differentiating that expression literally, with and , gives
For example, at it is , so minimizing this printed objective pushes the predicted probability of class one upwards rather than downwards; the objective is unbounded below as . It is therefore not the usual binary cross-entropy.
If the second sign was intended to be negative, the standard negative log-likelihood is and the derivative simplifies instead to . Stating both cases preserves the actual question's algebra while identifying the apparent sign error. The logarithms here are natural; another base multiplies the gradients by its constant conversion factor.

New to topics? Read the docs here!