Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-continuous-martingales-and-stochastic-calculus-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2023/1/b/ii/solution
Past exam of the continuous martingales and stochastic calculus course of the University of Oxford 2023 1 b ii Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-25
Enumerate the orthonormal basis consisting of and the Haar wavelets as , and enumerate the corresponding independent standard normal random variables as . Set . The Parseval identity for a Hilbertian basis givesThe partial sums form a martingale for , since the next summand is independent of the past and has mean zero. Moreover,The martingale convergence theorem for a martingale bounded in L2 space proves convergence almost surely and convergence in L2. Equivalently one may apply the Kolmogorov convergence theorem to the summable variances .
A finite linear combination of independent normal random variables is normal. Its characteristic function is . Passing to the limit identifiesFor this is the constant zero random variable. Each fixed has its own permissible null set; simultaneous pathwise convergence for all is unnecessary.
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