Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2004/iii/paper-39/3/d/ii/solution

For the undirected representation of the pedigree graphical model, take the moral graph: remove arrowheads from all parent-child edges and join coparents. The added coparent edges are
Every Mendelian segregation factor involves a child and its two parents, so its variables form a clique in this graph. The product in the previous part is thus an undirected factorization. A separation of variables by a conditioning set in this graph implies the corresponding conditional independence.
This is a valid conditional independence graph representation of the joint genotype law. It need not be its minimal representation without a faithfulness of a directed acyclic graph assumption: some inheritance probabilities are zero, and special parameter choices can yield additional independences. It also differs from a graph of unconditioned correlations, since full siblings remain correlated through their parents when the parental genotypes are not conditioned on.

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