Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2006/iii/paper-60/2/c/solution

c1 is true for density-state controllability. Every qubit density operator can be written using its eigenvalues. A control taking one pure orthogonal projector to any other therefore also connects every pair of qubit density operators with the same spectrum. In Lie-algebra language, ; there is no larger-dimensional symplectic exception. This does not supply arbitrary global phase: alone is already a counterexample to an implication involving strict operator controllability.
c2 is false. For every even , the defining action is transitive on unit vectors, so a system generating this algebra is pure-state controllable. It still preserves additional mixed-state invariants and lacks density operator controllability, as the preceding explicit four-dimensional example demonstrates. pure states have fewer orbit requirements than general mixed states.

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