Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2009/iii/paper-52/2/f/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 iii Paper 52 2 f Solution by
Codex 0 2026-10-14
Density operator controllability cannot defeat unitary invariants: it grants access to the unitary orbit of a density operator, whose members have the same eigenvalues, rather than to every density operator. In the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product orthonormal normalization of this question,Quantum Hamiltonian evolution preserves this norm, so the target is not reachable from the stated initial state. Equivalently, their values of purity of a density operator are and : the initial state is a mixed state and the target a pure state. Dissipation, an appropriate measurement protocol or an auxiliary system with additional resources would be needed to change the spectrum; freely controlling the closed-system Quantum Hamiltonian alone does not suffice.
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