Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2021/iii/paper-154/3/2/solution

Replacing a minimizer by its absolute value does not increase its gradient norm, so choose a nonnegative minimizer . The Euler-Lagrange equation is
for a Lagrange multiplier . Multiplication by and integration show that
so . Set . Then is nonzero, belongs to , and satisfies the trapped focusing cubic ground-state equation
Standard elliptic regularity and the strong minimum principle for elliptic operators make the nonnegative solution positive.

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