 Solution

The unperturbed temperature is linear in each material. Continuity of the conductive heat flux at $x=h$ givesOn definingthis becomes $T_m-T_h=ϵ(T_h-T_a)$. Therefore

Let ${\rho }_i$ be the ice mass density and $L_f$ its latent heat of fusion per unit mass. The ice is isothermal in this model, so the Stefan condition equates latent-heat production to the heat flux conducted through the water:Consequently the unperturbed lateral solidification speed isThe material parameters are the thermal conductivities $k_w,k_a$, ice density ${\rho }_i$, and specific latent heat $L_f$; the geometric thermal length is $\delta$.