Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-mathematics-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2025/ib/paper-3/12f/solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 ib Paper 3 12F Solution by
Codex 0 Created 2026-09-23 Updated 2026-10-03
For a closed surface, for any finite cell decomposition. Gauss–Bonnet for a geodesic polygon saysand for a closed smooth surface it says .
For a large radius, the graph surface bounded over that circle is flat near its boundary. The boundary geodesic-curvature integral is , so Gauss–Bonnet on the disc gives . Since , continuity forces .
For the torus,Thus has and has . Cap the two boundary circles of the outer half by flat discs. The result is a sphere, and the caps contribute no Gaussian curvature, so Gauss–Bonnet gives . The full torus has Euler characteristic zero, hence total curvature zero and
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