Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-quantum-field-theory-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2025/2/b/solution

The nonzero free scalar propagators join a field to its adjoint:
Contractions , and mixed-species contractions vanish. With all momenta incoming, the Feynman vertices are
The two identical light legs cancel the in each cubic interaction vertex; there is no remaining factor in its Feynman rule. Multiply each Feynman vertex by , and integrate an internal unconstrained four-momentum with .
Figure 1.
Charged scalar propagators and vertices, with arrows following positive conserved charge and heavy arrows carrying two units
. Details.
The arrows in the figure follow positive Noether charge: a light arrow carries one unit and a heavy arrow two. Consequently a heavy particle travels opposite its charge arrow, whereas its antiparticle travels along it. At a Feynman vertex, two unit-charge arrows enter and a two-unit arrow leaves; the conjugate Feynman vertex reverses every arrow. The quartic Feynman vertex has one incoming and one outgoing arrow of each weight. These rules prevent attaching a propagator between two unconjugated fields.

New to topics? Read the docs here!