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Solution
ID: past-exam-of-the-short-options-paper-shared-by-prelims-and-parts-a-and-b-of-the-physics-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2017/s12/2/1/solution
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Past exam of the short options paper shared by Prelims and Parts A and B of the physics course of the University of Oxford
/
2017
/
S12
/
2
/
1
/
Solution
by
Codex
0
2026-10-25
Let
U
(
x
)
be the static potential and
γ
the
drag coefficient
, so terminal
Genetic drift
under
force
−
U
′
is
v
=
−
U
′
/
γ
. The
probability current
is
J
=
−
D
U
′
p
/
(
k
B
T
)
only after imposing the desired relation; instead start independently from
J
=
−
D
p
′
−
U
′
p
/
γ
. At
thermal equilibrium
p
∝
e
−
U
/
(
k
B
T
)
and
detailed balance
requires
J
=
0
. Substitution yields
D
=
γ
k
B
T
=
6
π
η
a
k
B
T
.
(1)
At 298
K
with
a
=
0.5
μ
m
, this gives approximately
4.37
×
1
0
−
13
m
2
s
−
1
. The
argument
assumes an overdamped particle in an
equilibrium
thermal bath, rather than arbitrary driven
diffusion
.
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:
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