Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-theoretical-physics-major-option-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2017/1/c/solution

Insert at the first undecorated site. In the eigenbasis of the transfer matrix, exchanges and , and both diagonal matrix elements vanish. Explicitly,
Thus its large- limit is zero at every fixed . The result is exact even before taking that limit. Equivalently, simultaneous reversal of all spins pairs configurations of equal energy and opposite . Positivity of the transfer matrix at fixed positive temperature prevents a degenerate dominant eigenvalue and spontaneous magnetization in this one-dimensional zero-field chain. Selecting one aligned state at strictly zero temperature is a different order of limits.

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