 Reduced BCS pairing Hamiltonian

The reduced BCS pairing Hamiltonian retains scattering of opposite-momentum, opposite-spin Cooper pairs:A mean-field approximation introduces the BCS anomalous average and pairing field ${\Delta }_k=-{\sum }_{k^{\prime }}{V}_{k,k^{\prime }}⟨b_{k^{\prime }}⟩$. The subtraction $-\sum V_{k,k^{\prime }}⟨b_k^{†}⟩⟨b_{k^{\prime }}⟩$ corrects the double counting of the mean-field interaction energy.