A titration curve plots a measured or calculated property against added titrant volume or amount of substance. In an acid-base titration, plotting pH exposes gradual changes and a steep endpoint region. A potentiometric titration uses an electrode electric potential difference; a calibrated glass electrode and reference electrode provide operational pH. Finite additions bracket a transition rather than measuring a continuous curve. A chemical equilibrium fit can estimate the equivalence point; identifying the steepest sampled interval alone has a resolution set by the dose spacing and instrument response.
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