Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli  40

Most commonly known as a byproduct radioactive decay.

Their energy is very high compared example to more common radiation such as visible spectrum, and there is a neat reason for that: it's because the strong force that binds nuclei is strong so transitions lead to large energy changes.

A decay scheme such as Figure "caesium-137 decay scheme" illustrates well how gamma radiation happens as a byproduct of radioactive decay due to the existence of nuclear isomer.

Gamma rays are pretty cool as they give us insight into the energy levels/different configurations of the nucleus.

They have also been used as early sources of high energy particles for particle physics experiments before the development of particle accelerators, serving a similar purpose to cosmic rays in those early days.

But gamma rays they were more convenient in some cases because you could more easily manage them inside a laboratory rather than have to go climb some bloody mountain or a balloon.

The positron for example was first observed on cosmic rays, but better confirmed in gamma ray experiments by Carl David Anderson.

A protein that is a catalyst for some chemical reaction.

For an initial concrete example, consider e. Coli K-12 MG1655 gene thrA.

This simply connected is called the universal covering group.

E.g. in the case of $SO(3)$ and $SU(2)$, $SU(2)$ is simply connected, but $SO(3)$ is not.

The orthogonal group has 2 connected components:

It is instructive to visualize how the $\pm 1$ looks like in $SO(3)$:

As a result it is isomorphic to the direct product of the special orthogonal group by the cyclic group of order 2:

A low dimensional example:because you can only do two things: to flip or not to flip the line around zero.

Note that having the determinant plus or minus 1 is not a definition: there are non-orthogonal groups with determinant plus or minus 1. This is just a property. E.g.:has determinant 1, but:so $M$ is not orthogonal.

Ciro Santilli just keep watching that a gazillion times whenever it showed on TV.

All action scenes are useless crap, but the premise with Ciro's precious simulation hypothesis subject, related physics and the illusion of life.

It is a shame that the key premise of using human bodies to produce energy is completely and impossibly stupid. You would obviously get more energy by directing burning the food you feed into humans.

If the film had been made later, maybe the much more plausible concept of AI alignment would would have been used instead. What a shame.