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AlphaFold is an artificial intelligence system developed by DeepMind, designed to predict protein structures from amino acid sequences. It utilizes deep learning techniques to model the complex physical interactions that govern how proteins fold into their three-dimensional shapes, which is crucial for understanding their functions in biological processes. The importance of AlphaFold lies in its ability to accurately predict protein structures at a level of detail that has not been achievable with traditional experimental methods alone, such as X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy.