Quarks, Gluon flux tubes, Strong Nuclear Force, & Quantum Chromodynamics by Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky (2018)
Source. Some decent visualizations of how the field lines don't expand out like they do in electromagnetism, suggesting color confinement.TODO experimental discovery.
Force carrier of quantum chromodynamics, like the photon is the force carrier of quantum electrodynamics.
One big difference is that it carrier itself color charge.
Can be thought as being produced from gluon-gluon lines of the Feynman diagrams of quantum chromodynamics. This is in contrast to quantum electrodynamics, in which there are no photon-photon vertices, because the photon does not have charge unlike gluons.
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Quantum chromodynamics, or QCD, is the non-Abelian gauge theory of quarks and gluons. Quarks transform in the fundamental color representation and the eight gluon fields in the adjoint representation. The non-Abelian field strength generates gluon self-interactions as well as quark–gluon interactions.
The strong coupling constant changes with scale: it becomes small at sufficiently high energies, permitting perturbative predictions, and grows toward the QCD scale. Low-energy color confinement and hadron structure are therefore not obtained by extrapolating a few weak-coupling diagrams without qualification. Parton distribution functions describe the long-distance input needed for many hard hadron-scattering predictions. Jets connect the calculated energetic partons with measured sprays of color-neutral particles after hadronization.
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory that describes the strong interaction, one of the four fundamental forces in nature, which governs the behavior of quarks and gluons—the fundamental particles that make up protons, neutrons, and other hadrons.