The derivative is . Thus a stationary point occurs either at or where . Since on the specified open interval, the only allowed cosine zeros are and . The five stationary abscissae areTheir ordinates are , , and , respectively. For completeness, shows that the inner pair are local minima and the outer pair are local maxima; is also a local maximum because .
Expanding the cross product gives . Comparing its three components in order from the last to the first gives , , and . ThereforeThe nonzero value of permits division to find , and the resulting nonzero determines .
For a nonzero solution, the separable differential equation gives . Integrating yields , hence . The initial condition fixes , soThe zero solution omitted by division by cannot satisfy the given initial condition. Differentiating the displayed solution verifies .
A repeated linear factor requires both reciprocal powers. Write the partial fraction decomposition asMultiplication by the common denominator gives . Setting gives , and setting gives . Comparing the coefficients of then gives . Thus
Use integration by parts twice. First,The bracket containing vanishes, while the last definite integral is . Therefore
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