The Cauchy principal value deletes symmetric intervals around the real poles and and takes a symmetric limit at infinity:
The integrand is even. The standard principal-value beta integral gives
Taking , , and reversing the denominator,
The change of variable has derivative , so
For fixed this is
Thus the sample's sufficient statistic is .
Since ,
The log likelihood, up to constants, is . Differentiating gives the unique maximum
For the context-free intersection failure, take
Both are context-free, but is not. If context-free languages were also closed under complement, their closure under union and De Morgan's law would imply closure under intersection, so complement closure also fails. Finally, the halting set is computably enumerable but its complement is not, disproving complement closure for computably enumerable languages.

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