An enzyme attaching an appropriate amino acid to a cognate transfer RNA. Reduced charging can slow decoding even if ribosome initiation remains active.
Correction of inappropriate amino-acid activation or tRNA charging. Correct codon recognition cannot repair a tRNA charged with the wrong amino acid.
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Binds an amino acid to the correct corresponding tRNA sequence. Wikipedia mentions that humans have 20 of them, one for each proteinogenic amino acid.