Anamorphic magnification of a grating ($|d\beta /d\alpha |=\cos \alpha /\cos \beta$)

At fixed wavelength, the grating equation gives $d\beta /d\alpha =-\cos \alpha /\cos \beta$. Thus an incident angular width is magnified by $\cos \alpha /\cos \beta$ in the dispersion direction. Including the ratio of camera and collimator focal lengths gives the projected slit width. The ESO B&C operating manual, Appendix A explicitly includes this anamorphic factor.

A slit of width $x$ at the focus of a collimator subtends $x/f_{\mathrm{coll}}$. Its projected width is $x{f}_{\mathrm{cam}}\cos \alpha /(f_{\mathrm{coll}}\cos \beta )$. Dividing this width by the grating dispersion gives $\Delta \lambda =xd\cos \alpha /(m{f}_{\mathrm{coll}})$. Thus the spectral resolving power is $R=m\lambda f_{\mathrm{coll}}/(xd\cos \alpha )$. Omitting the anamorphic factor gives a denominator $\cos \beta$ instead; these agree in the Littrow configuration.