Apollo lunar seismology uses ground-motion recordings from instruments placed on the Moon during the Apollo missions. Natural moonquakes and impacts provide sources whose waves sample the lunar interior. The station positions, source locations and seismic velocity model jointly determine the paths expected for each arrival.
Weak deep-interior phases are difficult to identify amid long scattered wave trains. Combining records from repeated deep moonquakes and applying array-processing methods can enhance arrivals reflected or converted near the core. Such reanalysis supplied evidence for a solid inner and fluid outer lunar core; its layer sizes remain an inference from a propagation model.[ref]
Seismic detection of the layers of the lunar core by Renee C. Weber and colleagues. NASA record summary: Apollo-era seismograms, array processing and inferred core structure
A seismic event originating within the Moon. Its arrival times and waveforms constrain lunar structure when recorded by a suitable seismic network. Lunar impacts are another useful seismic source but have a different origin; their known locations can help calibrate an otherwise sparse network.
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