The BB84 protocol encodes random classical bits in independently chosen computational and Hadamard bases. Sender and receiver publicly compare bases and retain only positions where their bases agree; disturbance of a test sample detects eavesdropping.
The bit error rate is the fraction, or probability, of transmitted or retained bits that differ between sender and receiver. In quantum key distribution, an unexpectedly high bit error rate reveals channel noise or possible eavesdropping.
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