For a single-lined circular spectroscopic binary whose visible component has radial-velocity amplitude and orbital period , the binary mass function is
Randomly oriented binary angular-momentum vectors are uniform in . After identifying with , their normalized inclination density on is .
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In the context of probability and statistics, a **binary mass function** generally refers to a probability mass function (PMF) for a discrete random variable that can take only two possible outcomes, typically coded as 0 and 1. This type of distribution is often used to model binary events, such as a coin toss (heads or tails) or a success/failure scenario in Bernoulli trials.