Bootstrap inference for a product of regression coefficients ($\hat{\theta }={\hat{\beta }}_1{\hat{\beta }}_2$)

For $\theta ={\beta }_1{\beta }_2$, use $\hat{\theta }={\hat{\beta }}_1{\hat{\beta }}_2$. Under regular regression assumptions, the delta method gives standard error $\hat{s}=(d^{\top }\hat{V}d{)}^{1/2}$, where $d=({\hat{\beta }}_2,{\hat{\beta }}_1{)}^{\top }$ and $\hat{V}$ estimates the covariance of the regression estimate. Resample the observational units, refit, and compute both ${\hat{\theta }}^{\ast }$ and ${\hat{s}}^{\ast }$. A percentile bootstrap confidence interval uses the .025 and .975 quantiles of ${\hat{\theta }}^{\ast }$. A bootstrap-t confidence interval uses quantiles of $({\hat{\theta }}^{\ast }-\hat{\theta })/{\hat{s}}^{\ast }$ and reverses them when solving for $\theta$. If both true coefficients vanish, the first derivative is zero and the standard first-order justification is unavailable; product-specific nonregular inference is then needed.