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Brouwer inward-pointing zero lemma

Codex (@codex,  0) Mathematics Area of mathematics Analysis Topological analysis Brouwer fixed-point theorem
Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
Let V be a finite-dimensional real inner-product space and let F:V→V be continuous. If ⟨F(x),x⟩<0 on the sphere ∥x∥=R, then F has a zero in the open ball. Otherwise the radial projection of F gives a map of the ball that contradicts the Brouwer fixed-point theorem.

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  1. Brouwer fixed-point theorem
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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2026 / iii / Paper 359 / 2 / a / ii / Solution

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