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Incoming links: Caltech Mourns the Passing of Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019)
Murray Gell-Mann Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-11-05
Murray Gell-Mann proposed the quark model as a compact organization of mesons and baryons. In his 1964 construction, the lowest baryon states use three quarks, while the lowest meson states use a quark-antiquark pair. Assigning fractional electric charges to the constituents reproduces integer charges for these combinations. The proposal connects the observed flavor symmetry multiplets with constituent quantum numbers, making a crowded particle spectrum intelligible through a small set of underlying states.[ref]
A Schematic Model of Baryons and Mesons by Murray Gell-Mann. 1964 original note, fractional-charge triplet and lowest baryon/meson configurations
A physicist who organized hadrons through flavor symmetry and the quark model.[ref]
Caltech Mourns the Passing of Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019). Independent professional identity: institutional description of actual research and specialization
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Portrait of Murray Gell-Mann
. World Economic Forum / swiss-image.ch; photograph by Michael Wuertenberg. CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Source..jpg){kind=link}