Center (geometry, $\mathbf{c}$)

The center of a circle or sphere is the unique point $\mathbf{c}$ at the fixed positive radius $R$ from every point of that circle or sphere. In Cartesian coordinates, its equation is $|\mathbf{x}-\mathbf{c}{|}^2=R^2$. In the complex plane, a circle has equation $|z-c{|}^2=R^2$; completing the square identifies $c$ as its center. For example, $|z+b{|}^2=R^2$ has center $-b$.