The line where the interfaces of three phases meet, for example where a liquid film meets a solid and the surrounding gas. Continuum assumptions at this line can differ from the bulk lubrication approximation.
A contact line is pinned when its position remains fixed while the surrounding drop shape or contact angle changes. Surface heterogeneity or deposited material can sustain such a state over a range of angles. Evaporation from a pinned drop then requires compensating liquid motion and can generate outward solute transport associated with the coffee-ring effect. A model with a freely receding line and fixed contact angle has a different boundary constraint and need not predict the same flow direction.

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  1. Wetting
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