For nondegenerate independent and identically distributed arrivals with mean below , suppose the positive root is interior to the moment-generating function domain. Then . The Fenchel–Young inequality gives for every , and equality occurs at . The exponential workload bound from cumulative arrival moments gives the upper logarithmic tail bound for every . A horizon of the indicated length times buffer size gives the matching lower bound by Cramér's theorem. A positive interior root is an assumption; if arrivals never exceed capacity, positive workload cannot arise.
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