A cup anemometer infers wind speed from the rotation rate of cups mounted around a vertical axis. The cup geometry produces different aerodynamic forces on the two sides of the rotor, giving a net driving torque.
A calibration relates rotation frequency to flow speed over the useful range. Bearing friction affects low speeds, and rotor inertia limits response to rapid fluctuations. The cup speed is not simply equal to wind speed. Comparing the output with a reference flow establishes the transfer relation needed for quantitative observations.
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