A member of the lineage uniting living hagfish and lampreys. Jawlessness alone cannot assign an extinct vertebrate to this lineage.
A jawless vertebrate lineage with a specialized oral apparatus. Living lamprey anatomy is informative without being a direct reconstruction of the ancestral vertebrate.
A Late Devonian fossil lamprey from South Africa preserving diagnostic anatomy in an exceptional soft-tissue window.
A jawless vertebrate with a strongly specialized feeding apparatus and slime-producing system. Soft-tissue anatomy and secondary modifications make the ordinary fossil record difficult to interpret.
A Cretaceous fossil hagfish preserving evidence of specialized soft-tissue anatomy, including slime-producing structures.
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