Duncan Peck MacDougall worked with William Giauque on cooling by adiabatic demagnetization. Their 1933 experiment used gadolinium sulfate octahydrate and reached about , extending measurements below the temperatures available from conventional cryogenic liquids. The result required both a low-temperature apparatus and a magnetic field that could be reduced during an approximately adiabatic process.[ref]
https://nap.nationalacademies.org/resource/biomems/wgiauque.html. Pitzer and Shirley, Giauque memoir: first adiabatic demagnetization experiment, March 1933; bibliography Phys. Rev.43,768
A chemist who served as deputy research director at the Explosives Research Laboratory.[ref]
Context and sources: Work at the Explosives Research Laboratory. Work at the Explosives Research Laboratory: oral-history recollection identifies physical chemist MacDougall; deputy research director paragraph
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